Description
Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animalia | Chordata | Osteichthyes | Perciformes | Centrarchidae | Centrarchus |
Synonyms
Invasion History
Chesapeake Bay Status
| First Record | Population | Range | Introduction | Residency | Source Region | Native Region | Vectors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Established | Expanding | Native & Introduced | Regular Resident | North America | North America | Fisheries(Fisheries Accidental) |
History of Spread
Centrarchus macropterus (Flier) is native to the Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico drainages, and to drainages of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, from TX as far north as IL-IN, and the Rappahannock River VA (Page and Burr 1991; Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Based on its continuous distribution and presence in early collections, it is native to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, from the James River basin north to the Rappahannock, where it is confined to the Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).
This small sunfish's only known introduction is within the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Fuller et al. 1999). It was collected in a small pond in St. Marys County MD, on the north side of the Potomac (Lee et al. 1981). This could have been an introduction with live bait, or with other stocked fishes. In stream surveys of the lower Potomac Basin, it was found to range to the tideline in Port Tobacco Creek and Zekiah Swamp Run, in Charles County (Boward et al. 1998a).
References- Boward et al. 1998a; Fuller et al. 1999; Jenkins and Burkhead 1993; Lee et al. 1981; Page and Burr 1991
Invasion Comments
Ecology
Environmental Tolerances
| For Survival | For Reproduction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Temperature (ºC) | ||||
| Salinity (‰) | 7.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Oxygen | ||||
| pH | ||||
| Salinity Range | fresh-meso |
Age and Growth
| Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Adult Size (mm) | 70.0 | 70.0 |
| Typical Adult Size (mm) | ||
| Maximum Adult Size (mm) | 190.0 | 190.0 |
| Maximum Longevity (yrs) | ||
| Typical Longevity (yrs |
Reproduction
| Start | Peak | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproductive Season | |||
| Typical Number of Young Per Reproductive Event |
|||
| Sexuality Mode(s) | |||
| Mode(s) of Asexual Reproduction |
|||
| Fertilization Type(s) | |||
| More than One Reproduction Event per Year |
|||
| Reproductive Startegy | |||
| Egg/Seed Form |
Impacts
Economic Impacts in Chesapeake Bay
Centrarchus macropterus (Flier) is not a major sport fish within the in its native range on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, or its small introduced range in St. Marys County MD (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Its introduction appears to have had no economic impact.
References- Jenkins and Burkhead 1993
Economic Impacts Outside of Chesapeake Bay
Centrarchus macropterus (Flier) does not appear to be a major sport fish within its native range, on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Its only known introduction is within the Chesapeake Bay watershed, where no economic impacts have been reported (Fuller et al. 1999).
References- Fuller et al. 1999; Jenkins and Burkhead 1993)
Ecological Impacts on Chesapeake Native Species
Centrarchus macropterus (Flier) is native to much of the Chesapeake Bay watershed and freshwater tributaries and introduced to a small part of it. Ecological impacts on native species have not been reported from the introduced range, in tributaries of the lower Potomac, in St. Marys County MD (Boward et al. 1998a).
References- Boward et al. 1998a
Ecological Impacts on Other Chesapeake Non-Native Species
Centrarchus macropterus (Flier) is native to much of the Chesapeake Bay watershed and freshwater tributaries and introduced to a small part of it. Ecological impacts on non-native species have not been reported from the introduced range, in tributaries of the lower Potomac, in St. Marys County MD (Boward et al. 1998a).
References- Boward et al. 1998a
References
Boward, Daniel; Randle, Douglas; Kazyak, Paul; Dail, Helen; Christmas, John (1998) Lower Potomac River Basin: Environmental Assessment of Stream Conditions, , Annapolis. Pp.Fuller, P.M., Nico, L.G., Williams, J.D. (1999) Nonindigenous fishes introduced into inland waters of the United States., , Bethesda, MD. Pp.
Fuller, Pam. L.; Nico, Leo; Williams, J. D. (1999) Nonindigenous fishes introduced into inland waters of the United States, , Bethesda MD. Pp.
Jenkins, Robert E.; Burkhead, Noel M. (1993) Freshwater fishes of Virginia., , Bethesda, MD. Pp.
Lee, David S.; Platania, S. P.; Gilbert, Carter R.; Franz, Richard; Norden, Arnold (1981) A revised list of the freshwater fishes of Maryland and Delaware, Proceedings of the Southeastern Fishes Council 3: 1-9
Murdy, Edward O.; Birdsong, Ray S.; Musick, John A. (1997) Fishes of Chesapeake Bay, , Washington, D.C.. Pp. 57-289
Musick, J. A.; Wiley, Martin L. (1972) Fishes of Chesapeake Bay and the adjacent coastal plain, Special Scientific Report, Virginia Institute of Marine Science 65: 175-212
Page, Lawrence M.; Burr, Brooks M. (1991) Freshwater Fishes., , Boston. Pp.